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Conflict of Interest Policy
The Journal requires all authors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence the research, authorship, or publication of their work. A conflict of interest may include financial, institutional, or personal relationships that could be perceived to affect the objectivity or integrity of the manuscript. Authors must include a Conflict of Interest statement in their submission. Where no conflict exists, authors should state: “The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.” The Journal reserves the right to request additional information and to take appropriate action where conflicts are identified.
Appeals Policy
The Journal permits authors to appeal editorial decisions. Appeals must be submitted in writing to the Editor-in-Chief, clearly stating the grounds for reconsideration and providing any relevant supporting information. Appeals will be reviewed independently and may involve consultation with additional reviewers or members of the editorial board. The decision following the appeal process is final.
Retraction Policy
The Journal is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. Articles may be retracted in cases of demonstrated research misconduct, plagiarism, duplicate publication, or significant errors that invalidate the findings. Retractions will be issued in accordance with established publishing ethics standards and will be clearly identified, linked to the original article, and publicly accessible. Where concerns do not warrant retraction, the Journal may issue a correction or an expression of concern.
Publication Ethics Statement
The Journal adheres to internationally recognized standards of publication ethics and is committed to ensuring integrity, transparency, and accountability in scholarly publishing.